Single-working-medium vapor combined cycle

ABSTRACT

The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is provided in this invitation and belongs to the field of energy and power technology. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle consists of ten processes which are conducted with M 1  kg of working medium, M 2  kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly: a pressurization process 1-2 of M 1  kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M 1  kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1- e  of H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process e-6 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 6-3 of M 2  kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 4-5 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 5-6 of (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of (M 1 +H) kg of working medium.

FIELD

The present invention belongs to the flied of energy and powertechnology.

BACKGROUND

Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life andproduction. It is an important way to obtain and provide power by theconversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy. In general, thetemperature of heat source reduces and varies with the release of heat.When fossil fuels are used as the primary energy, the heat source hasthe dual characteristics of both high temperature and variabletemperature. Therefore, only one single thermodynamic cycle cannotachieve an ideal efficiency for refrigeration, heating or powergeneration.

Take the vapor power device with external combustion for example, itsheat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature andvariable temperature. For those vapor power devices based on the Rankinecycle, the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistanceabilities and safety concerns limit the parameters of the cycle'sworking medium. Therefore, there is a big temperature difference betweenthe working medium and the heat source, which leads to big irreversibleloss and low efficiency.

Humans need new basic theory of thermal science to use fuel or otherhigh temperature thermal energy simply, actively, efficiently forachieving refrigeration, heating or power. In the basic theory system ofthermal science, thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis ofthermal energy utilization devices, and the core of energy utilizationsystems. The establishment, development and application of thermodynamiccycles will play an important role in the rapid development of energyutilization and will promote actively for social progress andproductivity development.

Based on the principles of simple, active and efficient utilization oftemperature difference, aiming at the power generation application ofhigh temperature heat sources or variable temperature heat sources, andstriving to provide theoretical support for the simplification and highefficiency of thermo-power systems, the present invention proposes asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle.

THE CONTENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The single working-medium vapor combined cycle and the vapor powerdevice for combined cycle are mainly provided in the present invention,and the specific content of the present invention is as follows:

1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of tenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M¹kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (6)to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing processto set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kgof working medium, performing a depressurization process to set thestate (6) to (7) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (1) ofthe (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

2. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofeleven processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kgof working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (5) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set the state (7) to (4) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂)kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (8) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

3. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofeleven processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kgof working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7)to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set the state (3) to (4) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂)kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (8) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

4. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting oftwelve processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kgof working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (7) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (4) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (5) to (6) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

5. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting oftwelve processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kgof working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process toset the state (4) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1)to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (5) to (6) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (6) to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

6. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofthirteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8)to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of theX kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to(6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kgof working medium and H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

7. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofthirteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (3) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (6) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to(7) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (7) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.

8. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting offourteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (3) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (3) to (5) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7)to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) ofthe (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process toset the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to(8) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (8) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.

9. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting offourteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (5) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process toset a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (7) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set the state (7) to (a) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(3) to (4) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state(5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(8) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

10. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting offifteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (3) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (3) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8)to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) ofthe (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process toset the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium and M kg of workingmedium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set the state (7)to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the(M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.

11. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting offifteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (3) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (7)of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8)to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) ofthe (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process toset the state (5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to(9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.

12. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofsixteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂kg of working medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (3) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process toset a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (8) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set the state (8) to (a) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of the X kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to(9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumcombined cycle provided in the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the presentinvention.

FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the presentinvention.

FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The first thing to note is that, when describing the cycle's structuresand processes, the processes will not be repeatedly described if notnecessary, and the obvious processes will not be described. The detaileddescription of the present invention is as follows:

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 1 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts ten processes: a pressurization process 1-2of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess 1-e of H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption processe-6 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, apressurization process 6-3 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionprocess 3-4 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process4-5 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 5-6of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, adepressurization process 6-7 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of (M₁+H) kg of workingmedium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 3-4 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium.The absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 6 points. Theheat-releasing process 5-6 is completed. The heat released by (M₁+H) kgof working medium in process 7-1 is usually released to thelow-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user whencogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 6-3 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-5 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 6-7 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 2 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurizationprocess 3-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e ofH kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process e-7 of (M₁+M₂)kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess 7-4 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 ofM₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, a depressurization process7-8 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensationprocess 8-1 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 4-5 of M₂ kg of working medium. Theabsorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 6 points. Theheat-releasing process 6-7 is completed. The heat released by (M₁+H) kgof working medium in process 8-1 is usually released to thelow-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user whencogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 7-4 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the depressurization(and expansion) process 7-8 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 3 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess 1-e of H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption processe-7 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, apressurization process 7-3 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionprocess 3-4 of M₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 4-5of M₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂) kgof working medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, a depressurization process7-8 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensationprocess 8-1 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-5 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 3-4 of M₂ kg of working medium. Theabsorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points. Theheat-releasing process 6-7 is completed. The heat released by (M₁+H) kgof working medium in process 8-1 is usually released to thelow-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user whencogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 7-3 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the depressurization(and expansion) process 7-8 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 4 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurizationprocess 3-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e ofH kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process e-8 of (M₁+M₂)kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess 8-4 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 ofM₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of M₂ kg ofworking medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₂ kg of workingmedium and H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 7-8of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, adepressurization process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of (M₁+H) kg of workingmedium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 4-5 of M₂ kg of working medium. Theabsorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: M₂ kg of working mediummixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of M₂ kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points. Theheat-releasing process 6-7 is completed. (M₁+M₂) kg of working mediummixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 8 points. Theheat-releasing process 7-8 is completed. The heat released by (M₁+H) kgof working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to thelow-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user whencogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 8-4 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of M₂ kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 5 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurizationprocess 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasing process4-7 of M₁ kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, apressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium, a mixingheat-absorption process e-8 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, a pressurization process 8-5 of M₂ kg of working medium,a heat-absorption process 5-6 of M₂ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium, a mixingheat-releasing process 7-8 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of workingmedium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 5-6 of M₂ kg of working medium. Theabsorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: M₁ kg of working mediummixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of M₂ kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points. Theheat-releasing process 4-7 is completed. (M₁+M₂) kg of working mediummixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 8 points. Theheat-releasing process 7-8 is completed. The heat released by (M₁+H) kgof working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to thelow-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user whencogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 8-5 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 6 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess 1-e of H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption processe-8 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, apressurization process 8-3 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionprocess 3-4 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process4-7 of X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess 4-5 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a depressurizationprocess 5-6 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasingprocess 6-7 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium and H kg of workingmedium, a mixing heat-releasing process 7-8 of (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium and H kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of(M₁+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process9-1 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium, the process 3-4 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium andthe process 4-5 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium. The absorbed heat isusually provided by an external heat source.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M₂−X) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points.The heat-releasing process 6-7 is completed. The heat released by (M₁+H)kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to thelow-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user whencogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 8-3 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-7 of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization(and expansion) process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 7 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kgof working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheatingprocess b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process e-6 of(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, apressurization process 6-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasingand condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium, adepressurization process a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, aheat-absorption process 3-4 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, adepressurization process 4-5 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a mixingheat-releasing process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of (M₁+H) kg of workingmedium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 3-4 of (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium, the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heatsource.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 6 points. Theheat-releasing process 5-6 is completed. The heat released by (M₁+H) kgof working medium in process 7-1 is usually released to thelow-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user whencogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 6-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-5 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 6-7 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 8 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kgof working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheatingprocess b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process3-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of H kgof working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process e-7 of (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-aof M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation processa-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-4 of (M₂−M) kgof working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium,a mixing heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium andH kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-1 of (M₁+H)kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heatsource.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points. Theheat-releasing process 6-7 is completed. The heat released by (M₁+H) kgof working medium in process 8-1 is usually released to thelow-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user whencogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 7-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-4 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the depressurization(and expansion) process 7-8 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 9 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kgof working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheatingprocess b-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-eof H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process e-7 of(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, apressurization process 7-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasingand condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process3-4 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 4-5 of(M₂−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂)kg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₁+M₂) kgof working medium and H kg of working medium, a depressurization process7-8 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensationprocess 8-1 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-5 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 3-4 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heatsource.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points. Theheat-releasing process 6-7 is completed. The heat released by M₁ kg ofworking medium in process 8-1 is usually released to the low-temperatureheat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration isapplicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 7-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and the depressurization(and expansion) process 7-8 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 10 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kgof working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheatingprocess b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process3-7 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-e of H kgof working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process e-8 of (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-aof M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation processa-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-4 of (M₂−M) kgof working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, amixing heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium and Mkg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 7-8 of (M₁+M₂) kgof working medium and H kg of working medium, a depressurization process8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensationprocess 9-1 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heatsource.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₂−M) kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points. Theheat-releasing process 6-7 is completed. (M₁+M₂) kg of working mediummixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 8 points. Theheat-releasing process 7-8 is completed. The heat released by M₁ kg ofworking medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperatureheat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration isapplicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-4 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-7 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 11 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kgof working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheatingprocess b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 4-7of (M₁+M) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, apressurization process 1-e of H kg of working medium, a mixingheat-absorption process e-8 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, a pressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium,a heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium,a pressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, aheat-absorption process 5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, adepressurization process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a mixingheat-releasing process 7-8 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of workingmedium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heatsource.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M) kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points. Theheat-releasing process 4-7 is completed. (M₁+M₂) kg of working mediummixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium is reduced to 8 points. Theheat-releasing process 7-8 is completed. The heat released by M₁ kg ofworking medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperatureheat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration isapplicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 12 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts sixteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 2-b of M₁ kgof working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheatingprocess b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 1-eof H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process e-8 of(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, apressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-releasingand condensation process a-b of M kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process3-4 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 4-7 of Xkg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg ofworking medium, a mixing heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, a mixing heat-releasingprocess 7-8 of (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium,a depressurization process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of (M₁+H) kg of workingmedium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium, the process 3-4 of (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium and the process 4-5 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, theabsorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes: (M₁+M₂−X) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium is reduced to 7 points.The heat-releasing process 6-7 is completed. (M₁+M₂) kg of workingmedium mixes with H kg of working medium and releases heat to it. Thetemperature of (M₁+M₂)kg of working medium is reduced to 8 points. Theheat-releasing process 7-8 is completed. The heat released by M₁ kg ofworking medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperatureheat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration isapplicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium and the pressurization process1-e of H kg of working medium are usually achieved by pumps. Thepressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-7 of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization(and expansion) process 8-9 of (M₁+H) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater thanthe total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy isconverted into power (the cycle's net work), and thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.

The technical effects of the present invention: Thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the presentinvention has the following effects and advantages:

(1) A basic theory of thermal energy (temperature difference)utilization has been created.

(2) The present invention greatly reduces the amount of heat absorbed inthe phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the amount ofheat absorbed in the high-temperature region. Therefore, thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle can achieve high efficiency.

(3) The present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processesand good applicability. It is a common technology to realize theeffective utilization of temperature differences.

(4) The present invention only uses a single working medium, which iseasy to produce and store; The present invention can also reduce theoperation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.

(5) The processes in the present invention are shared and reduced, whichprovides a theoretical basis for reducing equipment investment andimproves efficiency.

(6) In the high temperature region or the variable temperature region,both the cycle's working medium and the heat source medium conductvapor. Therefore, the temperature difference loss is reduced and theefficiency is improved.

(7) The present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperatureoperation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, thecontradiction among thermal efficiency, the working medium's parametersand the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistanceabilities, which is common in traditional vapor power devices, can beresolved.

(8) Under the precondition of achieving a high thermal efficiency, thevapor power device provided in the present invention can operate at alow pressure. The present invention provides theoretical support forimproving the safety of device operation.

(9) The present invention possesses a wide range of applicable workingmedia. The present invention can match energy supply with demand well.It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.

(10) The present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles fortemperature difference utilization, and contributes to ahigher-efficiency power generation of high-temperature heat sources andvariable-temperature heat sources.

What is claimed is:
 1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cyclemethod consisting of ten processes which are conducted with M₁ kg ofworking medium, M₂ kg of working medium and H kg of working mediumseparately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to seta state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set the state (6) to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (3) to (4) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performinga mixing heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (7) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 2. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of elevenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (5) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set the state (7) to (4) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂)kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (8) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 3. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of elevenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7)to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set the state (3) to (4) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂)kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (8) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 4. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelveprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (7) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (4) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (5) to (6) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 5. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelveprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process toset the state (4) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1)to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (5) to (6) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (6) to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 6. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8)to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of theX kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to(6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kgof working medium and H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 7. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (3) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (6) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to(7) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (7) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.
 8. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle methodconsisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg ofworking medium, M₂ kg of working medium and H kg of working mediumseparately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process toset the state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (3) to (5) of the (M₁+M) kgof working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state(1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set the state (7) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the(M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performinga mixing heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (8) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 9. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (5) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process toset a state (1) to (e) of the H kg of working medium, performing amixing heat-absorption process to set the state (e) to (7) of the(M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set the state (7) to (a) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(3) to (4) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state(5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performing a mixingheat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂) kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(8) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 10. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg ofworking medium and H kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (b) to (3) ofthe (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (3) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8)to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) ofthe (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process toset the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium and M kg of workingmedium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set the state (7)to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the(M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium.
 11. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle methodconsisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg ofworking medium, M₂ kg of working medium and H kg of working mediumseparately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process toset the state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (4) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium and H kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) ofthe H kg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption processto set the state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kgof working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state(8) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasingand condensation process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a)to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the(M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing processto set the state (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kgof working medium, performing a depressurization process to set thestate (8) to (9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (1) ofthe (M₁+H) kg of working medium.
 12. A single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which areconducted with M₁ kg of working medium, M₂ kg of working medium and H kgof working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (b) to (3) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (e) of the Hkg of working medium, performing a mixing heat-absorption process to setthe state (e) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8)to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) ofthe (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process toset the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of the X kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(4) to (5) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kgof working medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (6) to (7) of the (M₁+M₂−X) kg of working medium and H kg ofworking medium, performing a mixing heat-releasing process to set thestate (7) to (8) of the (M₁+M₂) kg of working medium and H kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to(9) of the (M₁+H) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the (M₁+H) kg ofworking medium